Post-mortem examination of Great Northern Divers Gavia immer killed in the Prestige oil spill, Galicia, Spain, 2002/03
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Great Northern Divers Gavia immer collected during the impact assessment of the 2002/03 Prestige oil spill were studied and compared with similar casualties collected during three other major oil spills. It was concluded that adults tend to winter further to the north in Western Europe than juveniles, and that the sexes were evenly represented in all spills. Wing and bill lengths of adults were also compared with those of museum specimens collected during the breeding season in Canada, Greenland and Iceland in an attempt to determine the possible breeding origin of birds wintering in northwest Spain. Wing lengths suggested that Iceland and Greenland were possible breeding grounds, while the incidence of embedded gunshot (18% of adults) further suggested that at least some birds originated from Greenland, where hunting is still legal. However, biometrics and gunshot incidence alone were inconclusive in determining a possible breeding origin. DNA analyses are being considered, including comparisons with gene sequences for this species already available in the GenBank. Mortality during the Prestige oil spill may have affected 18–22% of the total wintering population in Spain. Besides oil-induced mortality, drowning in fishing gear is identified as a real threat in Galicia. A systematic beached bird survey in the region would help determine the relative importance of different causes of mortality in this species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".