Observation of Topologically Distinct Corner States in “Bearded” Photonic Kagome Lattices
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Kagome lattices represent an archetype of intriguing physics, attracting a great deal of interest in different branches of natural sciences, recently in the context of topological crystalline insulators. Here, two distinct classes of corner states in breathing Kagome lattices (BKLs) with “bearded” edge truncation are demonstrated, unveiling their topological origin. The in‐phase corner states are found to exist only in the topologically nontrivial regime, characterized by a nonzero bulk polarization. In contrast, the out‐of‐phase corner states appear in both topologically trivial and nontrivial regimes, either as bound states in the continuum or as in‐gap states depending on the lattice dimerization conditions. Furthermore, the out‐of‐phase corner states are highly localized, akin to flat‐band compact localized states, and they manifest both real‐ and momentum‐space topology. Experimentally, both types of corner states are observed in laser‐written photonic bearded‐edge BKLs, corroborated by numerical simulations. The results not only deepen the current understanding of topological corner modes in BKLs but also provide new insight into their physical origins, which may be applied to other topological BKL platforms beyond optics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".