Centimeter-sized Grains in the Compact Dust Ring around Very-low-mass Star CIDA 1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We examined the grain size in the dust ring encircling the 0.19 M ☉ T Tauri star CIDA 1 using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array at multiple centimeter wavelengths, with a spatial resolution of 0.″2–0.″9. We detected distinct partial-ring structures at these wavelengths around CIDA 1. Based on spatial distributions and spectral indices, we determined that these centimeter emissions originated from dust, rather than free–free or synchrotron emissions. To estimate the maximum grain size ( a max ) within the ring, we compared the observed spectral energy distribution (SED) with SEDs calculated for different a max values using radiative transfer calculations. Our findings indicate an a max value of approximately 2.5 cm in the ring, assuming that the dust opacity can be approximated by the DSHARP models. These results suggest that grain growth took place within the CIDA 1 ring, potentially facilitating more efficient planet formation through pebble accretion scenarios involving centimeter-sized pebbles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".