The Cadaster Book of 1628—1630 as a Source of the Historical Geography of Toropetsky Uezd of the First Third of the 17th Century
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research is a continuation of the author’s study of the historical geography of the Upper Podvinye (in particular, Toropetskaya land) in the 16th — 17th centuries. The article analyzes the cadaster book of Toropetsky uezd of the 1620s, which provides information about the territorial system, land ownership and landuse in the region in the first third of the 17th century. The study of the source showed that by the 1620s the number of volosty increased from 8 to 13, while preserving most of the volosty known from the Toropet's cadaster book of 1540. It was found out that the archaic features of the territorial structure of Toropetsky uezd (perevary), which made up a significant land fund in the middle of the 16th century, gradually adapted to the typical Moscow state structure and by the 1620s turned into volosty. It is determined that the local system of Toropetsky uezd, genetically dating back to the 1540s, expanded due to the inclusion of landowner families that had not previously been in the region, while preserving as the basis those clans that had significant land holdings in the second quarter of the 16th century (among them are Golenishchevs, Tchoglokovs, Kushelevs, Kaftyrevs, Zeleny, Chikhachevs, etc.). It is revealed that the events of the beginning of the 17th century had a negative impact on the economic development of the Toropet’s land, expressed in the desolation of 90 % of all agricultural land, a small part of which is involved in economic processing by the end of the first third of the 17th century. The data obtained significantly complement the ideas of modern historiography about the development of the Toropet’s land in the first third of the 17th century.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".