The Florentine Commune, Society and the Guelph Party in 1382—1393: the Price of the State’s Victory
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article deals with the correlation and confrontation of three most important socio-political structures of the commune of Florence in 1382—1393: two of them — the Guelph Party and the craft guilds — embodied corporate interests, often implemented by dictatorial methods, which the state-republic sought to resist. The main stages of the struggle, marked by the approval of three electoral lists in 1382, 1391 and 1393, are also studied, allowing us to trace the decline of the Guelph party, which began from the moment of its triumph after the overthrow of the regime of the junior craft guilds, when the attempts of the Guelph party to assert its power over society and state failed though the ideas of Guelphism underlay the communal identity of the citizens of the republic. The price of the victory of the state was paid by the inevitable narrowing of the boundaries of Florentine democracy: the emergence of extraordinary authorities, the restriction of citizens’ access to electoral lists and the formation of tendencies of oligarchic rule.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.021 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".