Editorial: Volcanic and tectonic degassing: fluid origin, transport and implications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
People living close to active fault zones are threatened by earthquake hazard and therefore monitoring the status of active faults is important to mitigate the damage caused by future earthquakes. Caracausi et al. (2023) reported data from a novel infrastructure designed for multidisciplinary and continuous monitoring of the Alto Tiberina fault, Italy. Monitoring results (including seismic, geodetic, and geochemical data) from The Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory (TABOO-NFO) would shed new light on earthquake prediction studies in other countries. Fidani et al. (2023) conducted a comprehensive statistical analysis of CO2 time series registered at the Gallicano test site, Italy, and identified the correlations between low-magnitude earthquakes and CO2 anomalies in spring waters. Li et al. (2023) studied the spatial variations in soil Rn and CO2 emissions in the Wuzhong-Lingwu region, NW China, as well as the possible controlling factors of earthquakes, stress state, and deepto-shallow crustal structures. Their findings offer new insight into combining geochemical characteristics of soil gas and seismological methods to estimate regional seismic hazards.Under the context of continuous collision between Indian and Asian continents, the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions have drawn increasing concern from the Earth science community because of intensive and frequent earthquake events. Liu et al. (2023a) Three papers in this research topic focus on the degassing of historically active volcanoes. Gherardi et al. (2022) investigated helium isotopes on gas extracted by crushing from melt and fluid inclusions in minerals from Plinian and inter-Plinian tephra and lavas of Vesuvius, Italy. Their results show that (i) 3 He/ 4 He values are buffered within an extended, deepseated reservoir at about 10 km filled with magma rising from the mantle, and (ii) magma ponding at crustal depth could be considered a key mechanism that might have the potential to homogenize the helium isotope signal. Located in the hinterland of Northeast Asia, the active Arxan volcanic field belongs to continental intraplate volcanoes away from plate margins and remains less studied for the characteristics of its present-day volcanic degassing. Pan et al. (2023) focused on diffuse soil CO2 fluxes and found that annual CO2 emission flux from the volcanic field to the atmosphere is ~0.63 × 10 5 t and is comparable to that of the Iwojima volcano in Japan. This is the first flux estimate for soil CO2 emissions of the Arxan volcanic field. Cui et al. (2022) presented a geochemical study on the hot spring water and gases from the Arxan volcanic field. They identified ~3%-23% mantle helium inputs and thus heat supply in the hydrothermal fluids, suggesting that the residual mantle-derived melts beneath the Arxan volcanic field are still releasing fluids/volatiles and heating the overlying hydrothermal systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".