Sources and environmental fate of halomethoxybenzenes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Halomethoxybenzenes are pervasive in the atmosphere at concentration levels that exceed, often by an order of magnitude, those of the persistent organic pollutants with which they share the attributes of persistence and potential for long-range transport, bioaccumulation, and toxic effects. Long ignored by environmental chemists because of their predominantly natural origin-namely, synthesis by terrestrial wood-rotting fungi, marine algae, and invertebrates-knowledge of their environmental pathways remains limited. Through measuring the spatial and seasonal variability of four halomethoxybenzenes in air and precipitation and performing complementary environmental fate simulations, we present evidence that these compounds undergo continental-scale transport in the atmosphere, which they enter largely by evaporation from water. This also applies to halomethoxybenzenes originating in terrestrial environments, such as drosophilin A methyl ether, which reach aquatic environments with runoff, possibly in the form of their phenolic precursors. Our findings contribute substantially to the comprehension of sources and fate of halomethoxybenzenes, illuminating their widespread atmospheric dispersal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".