Bunites distigma (Brullé, 1837): discovery of the second- and third-instar larvae and phylogenetic relationships within the Colymbetinae (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The second- and third-instar larvae of the diving beetle Bunites distigma (Brull, 1837) are described and illustrated for the first time, including detailed morphometric and chaetotaxic analyses of selected structures, and their phylogenetic relationships within the Colymbetinae are re-evaluated. The results support previous hypotheses on the position of this genus based on first-instar characters, as Bunites Spangler, 1972 shares a common origin with Meladema Laporte, 1835, Hoperius Fall, 1927 and Neoscutopterus J. Balfour-Browne, 1943, and within this clade, it is sister to Meladema. Instars II and III of Bunites differ from other colymbetine genera by the presence of a basal suture on the urogomphi combined with the presence of posteroventral secondary setae on the protarsus. Some information on the habitat of the species is also provided.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".