THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ADVERTISING IN THE RUSSIAN PROVINCE IN THE LAST QUARTER OF THE 19TH CENTURY (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE “YEKATERINBURG WEEK” NEWSPAPER)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article deals with the formation and development of newspaper advertising in the Perm province in the last quarter of the 19th century. The advertisements placed in the first private newspaper of the region called “Yekaterinburgskaya Nedelya” (“Ekaterinburg Week”, 1879–1896) are analyzed. The main functions of advertising, its content, features and significance are shown. Newspaper advertising, which makes it possible to present the maximum amount of various information in the minimum number of text units, was a kind of “cut” of the daily life of a provincial society. Advertising products demonstrate the relations between material and spiritual needs, range of interests, leisure and work activities of the inhabitants of the Russian provinces. A significant place in the newspaper was given to private announcements that did not have a pronounced nature of advertising, but were such in essence. They were called upon to help the population of the province in solving a number of everyday problems. Newspaper advertising successfully fulfilled its main task – it stimulated the sale of goods, sales growth, thereby activating the development of market relations in the region. This testified to the natural process of commercialization of the press, including the provincial one. A certain imprint on the advertising products of the first private newspaper of the Perm province was imposed by the mining specificity of the region. Being a barometer of the social life of the region, “Ekaterinburg Week” reflected on its pages the changes that took place in the process of the formation of the advertising business in the Russian Empire in the last quarter of the 19th century.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".