Role of Visual Acuity & Contrast Sensitivity in Early Diagnosis of Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The study aims to evaluate the role of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. This cross sectional study was performed us- ing validated assessments on cognitive function using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Visual acuity was assessed using LogMAR and contrast sensitivity using the Pelli-Robson test. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). One hundred patients presenting to the Neurology department for complaints satisfying the criteria for Parkinson’s disease at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital were randomly selected. The visual acuity and contrast sensitivity was found to be decreased in patients with low MMSE and MoCA scores, suggestive of visual function being a marker for progression of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. This could thereby be used in early diagnosis of dementia and in for- mulating a customised treatment plan for each individual. Parkinson’s disease has a deleteri- ous effect on various aspects of a person’s life, not just the motor functions. This in turn harms the day to day activities of the individuals, mainly the older age group and results in psychological disorders, like anxiety and depression. Therefore, this study aims to establish visual function as a marker for cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease, with the hopes of improving the quality of life of patients with this disease, thus revamping their purpose and outlook of their lives.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".