Direct Membrane Deposition for CO<sub>2</sub> Electrolysis
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of forward-bias bipolar membranes (f-BPM) in CO 2 electrolyzers offers the advantage of avoiding costly CO 2 reactant loss. However, current f-BPM-based electrolyzers require a high voltage and produce H 2 at the expense of CO 2 reduction products. In this work, we develop a direct membrane deposition (DMD) approach that combines anion and cation exchange membranes (AEM and CEM, respectively) to increase transport and facilitate CO 2 regeneration. The DMD approach provides flexibility to tune the properties of the composite and optimize the AEM:CEM ratio for low resistance and low H 2 evolution. Compared to a standard f-BPM, the DMD approach reduced the H 2 Faradaic efficiency by 2-fold (25% vs 12%, respectively), reduced mass transport resistance by over 50%, decreased full-cell potential by 0.84 V, increased the selectivity toward multicarbon products by over 2-fold (29% vs 65%, respectively), and achieved >17% in multicarbon product energy efficiency at 300 mA cm –2 .
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it