One-Year Consistent Safety, Utilization, and Efficacy Assessment of Remote Electrical Neuromodulation (REN) for Migraine Treatment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder causing severe pain and disability in more than a billion people worldwide. Ideal treatment should provide long-term efficacy with minimal side effects. Previous studies indicate that remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) is an efficacious and safe treatment option for the acute treatment of migraine in clinical practice. This study examined long-term safety, utilization, and efficacy of REN during 12 consecutive usage months. Data from patients with migraine across the USA using REN to treat their migraine attacks were electronically collected from the Nerivio® device. All patients who used REN during 12 consecutive months were included, and data were compared across months. Safety was assessed by the number and type of adverse events. Utilization was measured by the number of monthly treatments. Efficacy was evaluated as consistent change in headache pain intensity, functional disability, and disappearance of associated symptoms from baseline to 2 h post treatment. Data were analyzed from 409 people living with migraine who treated with REN for 12 consecutive months, performing a total of 39,531 treatments. The incidence of device-related adverse events (dAEs) was 1.96% (8/409), including two negligible (0.49%), five mild (1.22%), one moderate (0.24%), and no severe events. All patients continued treatment with REN despite dAEs. One-year average monthly utilization was 8.05 treatments (SD 1.15). Month-to-month utilization did not change during 12 months of consecutive use [F(4.895, 1997.204) = 2.014, p = 0.075, repeated-measures ANOVA]. One-year average efficacy showed 74.1% of users reported consistent 2-h pain relief, and 26.0% reported consistent pain freedom. Month-to-month pain relief and pain freedom did not change during 12 months of consecutive use [F(11, 1069) = 0.55, p = 0.873 and F(11, 1295) = 0.69, p = 0.750 respectively; generalized linear mixed model analysis]. REN is a safe and well-tolerated acute migraine treatment, with stable efficacy and utilization over 1 year, making it an advantageous non-drug option for the long-term management of this chronic disease. NCT05760638. Migraine is a chronic disease leading to decades of significant disability, thus requiring safe, effective, and tolerable treatment for years. Remote electrical neuromodulation (REN) is a smartphone-controlled wearable device (Nerivio®) indicated for the acute and/or preventive treatment of migraine in patients 12 years of age or older. It is a prescribed, self-administered device for use at the onset of migraine headache or aura for acute treatment, or every-other-day for preventive treatment. Treatments are automatically registered in the REN app and database, and users can prospectively report subjective migraine indicators and response to the treatment in the REN app, at treatment onset and again 2 h later. This study analyzed data from people who used REN for the acute treatment of their migraine attacks at least once per month, for at least 12 consecutive months. Data from 409 patients who met the study criteria and performed a total of 39,531 treatments was analyzed. Safety was measured by the incidence of device-related adverse events, which was 1.96%. Severe device-related adverse events were not reported, and all patients continued treating after the events. Efficacy over the year showed that 74.1% of the patients reported consistent pain relief, and 26.0% reported consistent pain freedom. Average monthly utilization over the year was 8.05 treatments. Month-to-month pain relief, pain freedom, and utilization did not differ between 12 months of consecutive use. These results show that REN is a safe and well-tolerated treatment, with stable efficacy and utilization over at least 1 year, making it an advantageous non-drug option for the long-term management of migraine.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".