<i>Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Northeastern North America, Second Edition</i> by Garrett E. Crow and C. Barre Hellquist
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The importance of wetlands, both to people and to the environment, is well known.They provide food and habitat for large numbers of plants and animals.They enhance water quality, provide flood and erosion control, maintain stream flows, and provide food for us, among many other things.In addition, they are among the most productive habitats on earth and are important sites for the storage of atmospheric carbon.For all of these reasons, wetlands have long been considered important objects of conservation efforts, particularly given the penchant of humans to destroy them.For those studying wetlands, as well as those involved in conservation or restoration efforts, it is necessary to have available means of accurate, complete, and up-to-date identification of aquatic and wetland plants.In northeastern North America, nothing could be better for this purpose than the second edition of Crow and Hellquist's Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Northeastern North America.This is a major updating of the first edition (Crow and Hellquist 2000) that covers the same territory-southeastern Manitoba and Minnesota to Missouri, eastward along the 50th parallel on the north to Newfoundland and Virginia.The southern boundary is adjacent to the range covered by Godfrey and Wooten (1979, 1981) in their corresponding manual for the southeastern United States.The current work treats 1,223 species plus 44 additional infraspecific taxa in 325 genera and 112 families of vascular plants.A major feature of this volume that greatly enhances its value is the large number of illustrations; nearly all species are illustrated with line drawings taken from a variety of published sources (with permission).The sources and, when known, the names of the artists, are acknowledged in an extensive acknowledgments section at the beginning of the book.The illustrations are large and easy to use.They are well chosen to illustrate both the habit of the plants and critical characters that are necessary for identification.The treatment of each species includes the scientific name, one or more vernacular names, a brief statement of the habitat and distribution of the species, important synonymy, and a numerical reference to the accompanying illustration, which are placed on a page very near the treatment of the species.Infraspecific taxa are similarly treated.Genera are provided with the Latin name, one or more vernacular names, a brief description, useful references, and, for genera with more than one taxon treated in the book, a key to the taxa.There is also a general key to families at the beginning of the book.The keys were rigorously field tested by students taking the several classes in aquatic plants taught by one or the other of the authors or by Ronald L. Stuckey.Generic descriptions are designed to be diagnostic, and, to the extent
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.056 | 0.041 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".