EURAMET supplementary comparison of personal dose equivalent rate at 0.07 mm and 3 mm depth, <i>H</i> <sub>p</sub>(0.07) and <i>H</i> <sub>p</sub>(3), for beta radiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Main text For quality assurance in the realization and transfer of the unit of the absorbed dose rate at 0.07 mm tissue depth for beta radiation by the national standard laboratories, comparison measurements, especially between the primary standard facilities are needed. A corresponding comparison took place from 2004 to 2007 as EUROMET project No. 739. The comparison described in this report took place from 2018 to 2023 with the following extensions: instead of only eight laboratories, this time 16 participants from all parts of the world (five continents) were included; besides the absorbed dose rate at 0.07 mm tissue depth, 3 mm tissue depth was included for the first time; three different types of primary standards and radiation sources of four differing design types were used; one laboratory participated at an extreme altitude of 3000 m above sea level which required a very significant correction for air density to the dose rate; finally, besides the long-established beta reference radiation fields from the three radio nuclides 1. 147Pm with E̅ = 0.07 MeV and E max = 0.22 MeV, 2. 85Kr with E̅ = 0.25 MeV and E max = 0.7 MeV, and 3. 90Sr/90Y with E̅ = 0.8 MeV and E max = 2.3 MeV, also a fourth, i.e., a high-energy radiation field utilizing 4. 106Ru/106Rh with E̅ = 1.2 MeV and E max = 3.5 MeV, was included for the first time; all four in accordance with the international standard series ISO 6980 from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). A flat ionization chamber accompanied by a complete measurement system was used as the transfer instrument for the comparison. The calibration coefficients of this chamber were compared in the reference fields listed above. The 16 participants were from Germany (PTB), Portugal (IST-LPSR), Spain (CIEMAT), Hungary (BFKH), Sweden (SSM), Finland (STUK), France (LNE-LNHB), China (NIM), Republic of Korea (KRISS), Taiwan (INER), Japan (NMIJ), South Africa (NMISA), Mexico (ININ), Canada (NRC), United States of America (NIST), and Cuba (CPHR). The PTB was the pilot laboratory, and the comparison ran under EURAMET Project No. 1398 and BIPM KCDB: EURAMET.RI(I)-S16. The results from 13 of the 16 participants are consistent with the stated uncertainties while one participant's results agree for normal radiation incidence (0°) but not for oblique angles, one participant's results agree for the quantity H p(0.07) but not for H p(3) and one participant's results agree for the 90Sr/90Y radiation quality but not for 85K. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report . Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/ . The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.064 | 0.016 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".