Gravitational variation through magnetic fields for particles in fluids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A magnetic field (MF) is generated to modify gravity in a laboratory. The MF produces a vertical force that counteracts the gravitational field on a magnetic sphere. The perpendicular spin of particles is blocked, thus allowing spin solely around the direction of the MF.The settling of spherical magnets in a quiescent flow with a particle density of $8200$~kg/m$^3$ and Galileo number (Ga) in the range $[100,280]$ was studied experimentally. The results obtained by varying Ga via gravity modification to those obtained with non-magnetic spheres where Ga is modified by varying viscosity are compared. Findings showed that there is no significant difference in the trajectory angle between magnetic and non-magnetic cases, suggesting that the method for compensating gravity does not produce any spurious effect and that particle spinning has no significant effect on this aspect of the dynamics. Subtle differences in trajectory planarity were observed hinting at a possible dependence on particle spin. Results prove the validity of the method introduced here to change the gravitational strength on particles in fluids.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".