206 Development and Validation of an Indigestible Protein Index to Investigate the Effects of Protein Content in Weaned Pigs: A Multivariate Approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Increased proteolytic fermentation may lead to negative effects on gastrointestinal health and function, which ultimately impact on performance. The objective was to develop and validate, by investigating performance and gut structure outcomes, an index of indigestible protein content (IDP) in weaned pigs. Ninety-four studies reporting growth performance [average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), gain: feed (GF), initial (IBW) and final body weight (FBW)] and duodenal histomorphometries [villus height (VH), crypt depth([CD), and villus height: crypt depth ratio (VCR)] variables of pigs fed different protein content (CP) and sources in the diet were included. Diets were recalculated using a common database to generate the IDP from each study. Studies were grouped by similarity in performance in two clusters (C1 and C2) by hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC). The effects of cluster were investigated. Quadratic response plateau (QRP) models were fitted to assess the interrelationships between ADG, ADFI, GF, VH, CD, and VCR with the dietary CP or calculated IDP content within cluster. Pigs from C2 had greater IBW (6.3 vs. 8.8 ± 0.2kg), FBW (10.2 vs. 17.2 ± 0.7kg), ADG (0.2 vs. 0.4 ± 0.0kg/d), and ADFI (0.3 vs. 0.6 ± 0.1kg/d) compared with C1 (P < 0.05). There was no effect of cluster (P > 0.05) on VH (405.5 vs. 405.5 ± 15.8μm), CD (232.5 vs. 220.7 ± 10.1μm), or VCR (1.9 vs. 2.0 ± 0.3μm). Pigs from C1 achieved break point (BP) and plateau (Pl) for VH (BP = 24.25%, Pl = 96.32μm; P < 0.05) when fed increasing CP content and for ADG (BP = 2.32%, Pl = 0.28kg/d; P < 0.05) and GF (BP = 2.18%, Pl = 0.83kg/kg; P < 0.05) when fed increasing calculated IDP content. Pigs from C2 fed increasing content of calculated IDP achieved BP and Pl for ADG (BP = 3.04%, Pl = 0.54kg/d; P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that calculated IDP might be a reliable index to investigate the effects of proteolytic fermentation on pig performance, particularly in the immediate post-weaning phase.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".