Rare earth elements interaction with iron-organic matter colloids as a control of the REE environmental dissemination
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REE) are highly sought after for advanced technology, in response concerns about their environmental impact have arisen. The mobility and transport of REEs are influenced by their binding to solid surfaces, particularly colloids. With the widespread occurrence of REEs and their potential increase due to climate change, there is growing interest in understanding colloids composed of organic matter (OM) and iron (Fe). The reactivity of these colloids depends on their structural organization and the availability of Fe phase and OM binding sites. The effect of pH on the binding and mobility of REEs in these colloids in response to structural modification of Fe-OM colloids was investigated. REEs are primarily bind to the OM component of Fe-OM colloids, and their mobility is controlled by the response of OM colloids and molecules to pH conditions. At pH 6, the solubilization of small organic colloids (<3 kDa) control the REE pattern and subsequent speciation and mobility. In contrast, at pH 4, Fe-OM colloids bind less amount of REE but aggregate to form a large network. While most REEs remain soluble, those bound to Fe-OM colloids are expected to be immobilized through settlement or trapping in soil and sediment pores. This study supports the idea that colloids control the REE speciation and subsequent dissemination. The findings are particularly relevant for assessing the fate and ecotoxicology of REE in response to changing environmental conditions and increasing REE concentration in natural systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".