High temperature Raman spectroscopic analysis of the crystal growth of Bi<sub>2</sub>ZnOB<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Micromechanism of crystal growth has received considerable attention as a fundamental subject. However, in situ observation of the crystal growth process remains challenging. In this study, high-temperature Raman spectroscopy has been utilized to investigate the growth pattern of Bi2ZnOB2O6 crystals via in situ exploration of the starting solution structure near the crystal–solution interface. The experimental results show that the solution primarily consists of ZO4 and BO3 units corresponding to 370, 539, 664, and 1293 cm−1 vibration frequencies. These units connect with each other forming longer chains in the area close to the crystal, and they are related to the presence of low-wavenumber vibrations in the Raman spectrum. Furthermore, a loose embryonic structure of the Bi2ZnOB2O6 crystal is observed near the crystal–solution interface owing to the formation of Bi–O bonds. Therefore, this study successfully provides a clear understanding of the formation mechanism of Bi2ZnOB2O6 crystals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".