A spiral phase plate prepared via high-resolution 3D printing for THz vortex beam generation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies have recently been used for the fabrication of custom optical components in the terahertz (THz) range, with benefits related with flexible design, fast prototyping, and preparation of on-demand devices. However, standard 3D printing methods have a limited spatial resolution $(\sim 100 \mu \mathrm{m})$, typically allowing the fabrication of components with the necessary precision only for frequencies of a few hundred GHz. The advanced 3D printing method based on two-photon polymerization (TPP) can instead give access to nanoscale resolutions $(< 100$ nm). Here, we employ this technique to fabricate a spiral phase plate (SPP, i.e., a device that can convert a Gaussian beam into a vortex beam with a helical phase) operating at around 1 THz. Using our recently developed scanless THz time-domain imaging (TDI) method, we experimentally retrieve hyperspectral information about both the amplitude and phase of the generated vortex beam, which is found to agree with the results of our numerical simulations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".