Ultrasonic spectroscopy of sessile droplets coupled to optomechanical sensors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We describe a system for interrogating the acoustic properties of sub-nanoliter liquid samples within an open microfluidics platform. Sessile droplets were deposited onto integrated optomechanical sensors, which possess ambient-medium-noise-limited sensitivity and can thus passively sense the thermally driven acoustic spectrum of the droplets. The droplet acoustic breathing modes manifest as resonant features in the thermomechanical noise spectrum of the sensor, in some cases hybridized with the sensor's own vibrational modes. Excellent agreement is found between experimental observations and theoretical predictions, over the entire ∼0-40 MHz operating range of our sensors. As an application example, we used the technique to monitor the temporal evolution of evaporating droplets. With suitable control over droplet size and morphology, this technique has the potential for precision acoustic sensing of small-volume biological and chemical samples.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".