Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Most analysts, including those critical of India’s controlled regime, broadly approve of the economic policies and performance during the 1950s. Differences between the advocates of pro-market and state-driven development strategy relate principally to the period beginning in the early 1960s when the Republic of Korea successfully switched from import-substitution policies to out-ward-oriented policies and India did not. For example, in their monumental work, Bhagwati and Desai (1970) are highly critical of the policy regime in existence in the late 1960s. Nevertheless, they write approvingly of India’s performance during the first three plans: The overall performance, in terms of absolute and per capita incomes, of the [first] three Plans is on the whole quite respectable, even though inadequate to India’s needs in view of her desperately low level of initial income and standard of living. (p. 64) The rate of growth that has been achieved in India since 1950–51 is 2 to 3 times as high as the rate recorded earlier under British administration. As a result, the percentage increase in the national income in the last thirteen years has been higher than the percentage increase in India realized over the entire preceding half a century. Japan is generally believed to be [a] country which grew rapidly in the latter part of the 19th and first quarter of the 20th century; yet the rate of growth of national income in Japan was slightly less than 3 percent per annum in the period 1893–1912 and did not go up to more than 4 percent per annum even in the following decade. Judged by criteria such as these growth rates achieved in India in the last decade and a half is certainly a matter of some satisfaction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.021 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".