Resource Nationalism in Zimbabwe: Alternative Visions and Policy Realities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new wave of resource nationalism washed through southern Africa in the 2000s, driven by rising popular demand for greater local participation in the mining sector value chain, more equitable redistribution of benefits from extractives and strengthened transparency and accountability on the part of local states and foreign-owned mining companies. In the context of heightened political contestation and improved commodity prices, a succession of policy innovations emerged in response to the interventions of diverse mining sector stakeholders and civil society activists. The results have often been disappointing, with the initial promise of an ‘alternative’ form of minerals-fuelled development promoted by non-state beneficiaries seemingly unrealised. To understand the challenges of current policy-making around resource nationalism we consider the case of Zimbabwe, a country which has been host to vibrant mining reform debates and experiments in new policy-making in the 2000s, but has experienced little transformation in resource governance practices. This article assesses the critical factors which have contributed to the generation and subsequent derailing of new approaches to resource nationalism during a period of exceptional growth in the country’s mining sector.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".