The return from Europe and the return from America as heuristic figures of the small nation in Quebec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The expressions “return from Europe” and “return from America” embody a symbolic importance particular to Quebec’s cultural history. They refer to the French-speaking Canadian students who, having resided in Europe, particularly in Paris, or the United States, on university campuses, as part of study tours, subsequently returned home. As educated travellers, they also moved in the world of culture and the social hierarchy. Immersed in the grace, intensity, abundance and power of “great nations,” they were seized by a certain malaise, if not indeed vertigo. It was upon contemplating themselves in the mirror of great cities and institutions of high culture that the returnees from Europe or America took stock of the shortcomings, failings and incompleteness of their own culture whose greatness suddenly appeared to them as unattainable. The effects of this shock, felt twice, upon departure and upon returning, took different forms, including feelings of cultural inferiority, self-disgust and a desire for change and improvement. This chapter explores the heuristic figures – comparable but not identical – of the return from Europe and the return from America, as they crystallised, in Quebec, a way of being in the world, which is characteristic of the so-called “small” nations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.014 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".