Bibliographic record
Abstract
The goal of meat alternatives, specifically plant-based and cultured meat, is to provide an environmentally friendly food source that has the same cost, taste, and nutritional value as real meat.Currently, the main issue for alternative meat sources is the production expenses that contribute to the elevated prices observed by consumers in the market.This paper focuses on maintaining a high-quality product in terms of nutritional value while minimizing the production expenses associated with raw materials, manufacturing, transportation, and storage for a single serving (142 g) of a plant-based beef patty.Raw material constraints were established from a dataset of 20 different plant-based beef patty products currently found on the market.Transportation and storage costs and constraints were based on literature values with a variable market share.Additionally, the maximum amount of allowable greenhouse gas emissions per year was set.Optimal formulations of one plant-based beef patty were determined with a raw material cost of around $3.54 per serving and $0.41 per second in distribution and storage costs.The optimal market size was 0.083% of a total market consumption of 84.6 million kg of meat alternatives consumed annually in 2021.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".