The Evolution of the Japanese Distribution Structure: An International and Institutional Perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The distribution sector is of significant economic importance.1 Retail and wholesale trade alone accounted for one-fifth of total employment and 14 per cent of value added in Japan in 1990 (Table 2.1). The importance is even more pronounced in other developed countries: retail and wholesale trade accounted for as much as one fifth to one-quarter of total employment and 17 per cent of va1ue added in Italy and the United States (Table 2.1). In spite of its importance, however, there has been little research on the evolution of the distribution structure under long-run economic growth. This may be due to the fact that the sector is very heterogeneous: the distribution of agricultural products, for example, is very different from that of machinery. Such heterogeneity requires careful disaggregate analysis, but detailed and internationally comparable disaggregated data are not easily available in most countries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".