Comunicação e Inovação: impactos, experiências e contribuições em pesquisa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polyethism is important because it allows worker honeybees to perform a variety of tasks that are important to the colony's survival. The honeybee's brain and glands are essential to the development of these tasks. In this study, we investigate the total protein amount of four major glands and the brain during the first 30 d of adult life between Africanized and European honeybees (Apis mellifera). The brain, hypopharyngeal, mandibular, cephalic, and thoracic salivary glands of adults workers from newborn to 30 d of age (at intervals of 5 d per sampling age) were dissected and the total protein amount was measured in a pool of 10 structures per age/repetition (with three repetitions) using the Bradford protein assay. The heads of the honeybee subspecies were also measured. We confirmed the significantly smaller head size of Africanized honeybees compared to European honeybees, which probably impacted the reduced amount of total protein in hypopharyngeal and cephalic salivary glands in this honeybee. The brain protein amount, however, remained similar between the two subspecies. Despite that, the mandibular and thoracic salivary glands in Africanized honeybees showed more total protein amount. Finally, we find that Africanized and European honeybees showed some difference in total protein amount peak pattern, which may be due to differences in the life span, genetics, and/or environment that those honeybees live in.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".