Mitigation of Denial of Service and Time Delay Attacks on the Automatic Generation Control of Power Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, the effect of Time Delay (TD) as well as Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks on the Automatic Generation Control (AGC) is investigated. For this purpose, a cyber-physical communication platform bridging a communication network simulator Graphical Network Simulator-3 (GNS3) and a power system simulator OPAL-RT is utilized. It is shown that TD and DDoS attacks have a significant effect on the frequency stability in the power system. To address this problem, three Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) technologies are investigated to detect and mitigate DDoS and delays in the communication network. A 2-area AGC system is simulated and a comparative study on the utilized three MPLS technologies are provided to show their abilities in mitigating TD and DDoS attacks and their direct impact on the AGC operation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".