Impact of Plug-in Electric Vehicle Charging and Roof-top PVs on Distribution Transformer Health: A Case Study in Saskatoon, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As the adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) and rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems continues to rise, understanding their combined impact on the health of distribution transformers becomes increasingly vital to ensure grid stability and longevity. In this paper, such combined impacts are investigated through a case study in Saskatoon, Canada. Using OpenDSS and MATLAB simulation, various PEV penetration levels and PV generation capacities are explored. Transformer heating dues to ambient temperature and loading is considered. The results show that the increased PEV adoption exacerbates the transformer stress, while the PV integration mitigates these effects, especially during summer, which highlights the need to encourage the rooftop PV adoption to balance the PEV charging demand on transformers. This paper offers valuable insights for electric utilities and policymakers to manage the grid infrastructure and promote sustainable energy practices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".