Experimental and theoretical studies on improving the efficiency of ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells using single-layer anti-reflective coating
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of a single-layer anti-reflective coating (ARC) on ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is theoretically predicted and verified by experimental fabrication. By the transfer matrix method (TMM), the absorption of the DSSC with and without the single-layer ARC is calculated and the improvement in short-circuit current density (∆ Jsc%) is estimated. The optimized thickness of the ARC required to obtain maximum improvement in the short-circuit current density (∆ Jsc%) is determined. By employing ARC with the calculated optimized thickness, the fabrication of spin-coated ZnO-based DSSCs is carried out. The structural and optical parameters are studied using XRD analysis and UV absorption spectra. The efficiency of the DSSC with and without the ARC is measured by intensity-modulated photocurrent and photovoltage spectroscopy. The theoretically predicted efficiency of the DSSC with and without ARC agrees well with the experimental values that provide insights about improving the electrical performance of the DSSC by the ARC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".