Mechanistic Insights into the Folding Mechanism of Region V in Ice-Binding Protein Secreted by <i>Marinomonas primoryensis</i> Revealed by Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacteria Marinomonas primoryensis secrete an ice-binding protein ( Mp IBP), which is a vital bacterial adhesin facilitating the adaptation and survival of the bacteria in the harsh Antarctic environment. The C-terminal region of Mp IBP, known as region V (RV), is the first domain to be exported into the Ca 2+ -rich extracellular environment and acts as a folding nucleus for the entire adhesin. However, the mechanisms underlying the secretion and folding of RV remain poorly understood. Here, we used optical tweezers (OT) to investigate the secretion and folding mechanisms of RV at the single-molecule level. In the absence of Ca 2+, apo-RV remains unstructured, while Ca 2+ -bound RV folds into a mechanically stable structure. The folding of RV could occur via the formation of an intermediate state. Even though this folding intermediate is “hidden” during the folding process of wild type RV in vitro, it likely forms in vivo and plays an important role in facilitating protein secretion. Additionally, our results revealed that the N-terminal part of the RV can significantly stabilize its C-terminal structure. Our study paves the way for further investigations into the structure and functions of Mp IBP that help bacteria survive in challenging environments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".