Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Cuckoos occur around the world in tropical and temperate regions. More species live in the Old World (n = 109) than in the New World (n = 32). The northernmost cuckoos (Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus, Oriental Cuckoo C. optatus, Indian Cuckoo C. micropterus, Asian Lesser Cuckoo C. polio cephalus) occur in northern Europe and Russia in summer.They are migrant brood-parasites that lay in the nests of migrant Palearctic songbirds and then winter in the tropics, sometimes crossing the equator and even passing over the Indian Ocean from Asia to Africa. In the New World the two species (Yellow billed Cuckoo, Black-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus ery thropthalmus) that breed in the United States and Canada are mainly warm-weather birds that spend most of the year in the New World tropics. No cuckoo species occurs regularly and breeds in both the Old World and the New World, although vagrants from northeastern Asia (Common Cuckoo and Oriental Cuckoo) turn up in the Alaskan archi pelago and northern Alaska in migration season, and vagrant Black-billed Cuckoos and Yellow-billed Cuckoos from northeastern North America show up in many years in Europe from Iceland to Italy.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.098 | 0.023 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".