Renewable energy consumption and carbon emissions in developing countries: the role of capital markets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examines the impact of capital market on the relationship between energy consumption and carbon emissions.By employing a system Generalised Methods of Moments (GMM) for a sample of 138 developing countries over the period, 1990-2020, we find a U-shaped reverse relationship between renewable energy consumption and carbon emissions.The study reveals that beyond a threshold of 71.03, renewable energy consumption tends to increase carbon emissions.Similarly, the initial levels of carbon emissions reduce the use of renewable energy but beyond a 2.5 level of carbon emissions, renewable energy consumption begins to increase.We find that both the stock market and bond market reduce carbon emissions and enhance the levels of renewable energy consumption.We provide evidence to support that the capital market enhances the negative impact of renewable energy consumption on carbon emissions, while the corporate bond market magnifies the reductive effect of carbon emissions on renewable energy consumption.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".