PHOTOACTIVATION OF INDIVIDUAL SYNAPSES IN VIVO WITH COVALENT PHOTOSWITCHES TARGETING ENDOGENOUS GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glutamate receptors (GluRs) play key roles in neurotransmission at excitatory synapses and in the regulation of synaptic plasticity. We have developed a targeted covalently-attached photoswitch (TCP, Izquierdo-Serra et al., 2016) that allows the remote control of endogenous ionotropic GluRs using light. We here combined this photopharmacological effector with genetic and chemical calcium sensors to demonstrate all-optical reversible control of GluRs at multiple levels of spatial resolution in the brain: we achieved the photoactivation of multiple neurons, individual neurons, and single synapses in rat hippocampal slices and in intact Xenopus laevis brain in vivo, which is challenging using other methods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".