<i>Critice </i>in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries and the Rise of the Notion of Historical Criticism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The purpose of this essay is to call attention to one of the components of the multifarious cultural process that engendered the notion of criticism as an intellectual approach or an intellectual operation indispensable for any kind of knowledge aspiring to objective validity. I shall try to show how scholars professionally studying ancient (Greek and Latin, pagan and Christian) texts in the last quarter of the sixteenth and in the first half of the seventeenth century used the word critice (or critica), how its meaning and function changed during that time, and how, in the last quarter of the seventeenth century (during the great mutation that Paul Hazard called ‘the crisis of European consciousness’), the rather confused conglomerate of notions that had formed around the term critice as a result of the efforts and aspirations of viri docti of that craft, influenced
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".