Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Emil Fackenheim (1916-2003) was born into a distinguished, Jewishly identified, religiously “Liberal”1 family in Halle, Germany. His father was a successful attorney in the city. He received a typical secular education but was drawn to Jewish study and therefore enrolled as a rabbinical student at the Hochschule for die Wissenschaft des Judentums in Berlin. On Kristallnacht, the “Night of Broken Glass,” in Germany (10 November 1938), when Jewish businesses and synagogues were attacked by the Nazis, he was arrested and sent to Sachsenhausan concentration camp. After several months he had the good fortune to be released and upon his release was able to secure a visa for entry into Scotland. After a short stay in Scotland he was sent, in 1940, to an internment camp in Canada where he remained for eighteen months. After his release he served as a Reform rabbi in Hamilton, Ontario (1943-1948) and at the same time, he also enrolled at the University of Toronto, where he specialized in eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century German philosophy, receiving his Ph.D. in 1948. That year, Fackenheim also received a permanent position at the University of Toronto and advanced through the usual academic ranks to become eventually a full professor in the Department of Philosophy. His expertise in German philosophy led to a number of significant publications, including Metaphysics and Historicity in 1961 and his highly influential The Religious Dimension in Hegel’s Thought in 1968. In the late 1960s, stirred especially by the Six Day War in Israel in 1967 and its aftermath, he emigrated to Israel and settled in Jerusalem where he became a Fellow of the Institute of Contemporary Jewry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He passed away in Jerusalem at the age of eighty-seven in 2003.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.212 | 0.139 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".