Non‐invasive measurement of blood pressure waveform based on spatiotemporal multi‐dimensional pulse waves
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Continuous monitoring of blood pressure (BP) waveform is essential for the prevention and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases because it contains rich information. A vision‐based non‐invasive measurement method of BP waveform was proposed in this work. A binocular vision pulse acquisition system was utilized to collect continuous pulse images in a predetermined area of radial artery, and multi‐dimensional pulse waves were extracted from image sequences. By using Bi‐directional Long‐Short Term Memory (BiLSTM) networks, a model suitable for the inputs of multitype pulse waves under multi‐length windows has been established. The model can measure BP wave with high accuracy more than 0.94 (correlation coefficient). Measurement errors are less than (4.65 ± 5.80) mmHg for systolic blood pressure and (6.45 ± 7.40) mmHg for diastolic blood pressure. This study breaks through the limitation of obtaining BP from single‐dimensional pulse wave in previous studies and provides a new idea for non‐invasive measurement of human BP waveform.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".