First Flights of a New Test Facility for Solar Cell Characterization in the Stratosphere
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ECAPS (Experimental Characterization of Advanced Photovoltaics in the Stratosphere) is a new solar cell test facility developed to allow accurate characterization of photovoltaics in the near-space environment. The system is design to fly on both large zero-pressure balloons and on small sounding (weather) balloons, providing a low cost, quick access alternative route to the stratospheric AM0 environment. In 2022, ECAPS flew on a sounding balloon flight from central Italy and on the SOLAR mission by CNES (HEMERA programme) from Timmins, Canada, successfully testing several last generation and experimental solar cells and demonstrating the viability of the system for cell characterization and calibration. Further flights are scheduled for 2023 from both locations. In this paper, the key concepts of the facility design and a summary of the flight results are reported.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".