Newfoundland Mi’kmaw Resistance and Vibrancy in a History of Erasure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article is one result of Indigenous-led collaboration that challenges the erasure of Indigenous people in the history of Newfoundland. It argues that, during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Mi’kmaw community members were historical actors living in relationship with the land and waters that sustained them. They challenged encroachments onto their territory and travellers’ ideas about the Mi’kmaq, and they lived their own lives in their own territory with dignity, knowledge, skills, and humour. It is possible to discern these characteristics of Mi’kmaw life even within the historical record, written almost exclusively by white men, that focuses mainly on non-Indigenous people’s experiences. The article examines both writing deemed literature and writing deemed non-fiction, demonstrating that both can interrupt the historical erasure of Indigenous peoples and relationships to territory. Historians can learn from, and be inspired by, writers and scholars in a number of disciplines who, like historians, grapple with how to be responsible storytellers in the present-day while offering insight into the past.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".