Source, fate and transfer of primordial radionuclides as potential contaminants in environmental matrices of high and low background radiation areas – a critical review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The source, fate and transport of pollutants are of typical interest in environmental chemistry, which focuses on the presence and effects of chemicals in soil and water bodies. In this setting, minimising pollutant sources and limiting pollution generation are key factors in achieving environmental sustainability. Over the past few decades, novel approaches were devised by researchers across the world to resolve disputes related to major pollutions in soil, air and water bodies. However, there is still a need to address the research interest in radionuclides as contaminants. The first step in addressing concerns related to radionuclide contamination would be to develop complete knowledge and a database on the accumulation, transport rate, and fate of radionuclides in both natural high background radiation areas and other locations of the world. The current review is an attempt to provide information about this, where it briefs out the A.C, C.R. and T.F of the parental radionuclides (238U, 232Th, 40K) and their progeny nuclides (210Po and 210Pb) in various media (soil, sediments, rock, and water), as well as in the food chains of aquatic environments close to areas contaminated with radionuclides. It discusses the disagreements around radio-isotopes in these regions and draws attention to the threat it poses to the local biota and population. Exceeding concentration of radionuclides than the recommended reference level in such areas shall open up possible opportunity of conducting epidemiological studies related to the health effects of the inhabitants. It shall also pave a way for initiating future research activities destined in formulation of remedial measures for the welfare of biodiversity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".