A Study on Previous Cases of Seismic Reflection Surveys for Deep Geological Disposal Site Investigations in Crystalline and Sedimentary Host Rocks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Crystalline and sedimentary rocks are the preferred host rocks in deep repositories for spent nuclear fuels.This study examined the Swiss case of sedimentary rocks and Swedish and Canadian cases of crystalline rocks.In Switzerland, a reflection survey was used to identify the candidate host rock for the disposal site as the Opalinus clay formation and to create images of the boundaries of the Mesozoic sedimentary layers, including the Opalinus clay formation.A 3D reflection survey was conducted to determine the distribution and small-scale faulting of the Opalinus clay formation.Sweden conducted reflection surveys at the Forsmark site to obtain geological information on the deformation lenses within the site and to characterize the geology of the three deformation zones near the site.Canada conducted a reflection survey at the Ignace site to obtain information on its geological structure, including the location and dipping angles of the reflectors distributed in the vicinity of the site.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".