<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi><mml:mi>SR</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> study of the dipole-octupole quantum spin ice candidate <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>Ce</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Zr</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ pseudospin-$1/2$ degrees of freedom in ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{2}{\mathrm{Zr}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ possess both dipolar and octupolar character which enables the possibility of novel quantum spin liquid ground states in this material. Here we report muon spin relaxation and rotation ($\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{SR}$) measurements on single-crystal samples of ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{2}{\mathrm{Zr}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ in zero magnetic field and in magnetic fields directed along the $[1,\overline{1},0]$ and $[1,1,1]$ crystallographic directions, and for magnetic fields directed both longitudinal and transverse to the direction of muon polarization. Our zero-field results show no signs of magnetic ordering or spin freezing, consistent with earlier zero-field $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{SR}$ measurements on a powder sample of ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{2}{\mathrm{Zr}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, and also with the expectations for a quantum spin ice. However, we measure a more gentle relaxation rate for ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{2}{\mathrm{Zr}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ in zero field at low temperatures than was previously reported. This difference in relaxation rate is likely due to the low oxidation and, correspondingly, the high stoichiometry of our single-crystal samples. Longitudinal field measurements confirm that the magnetic dipole moments in ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{2}{\mathrm{Zr}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ remain dynamic at $T=0.1$ K on the microsecond timescale. For both $[1,\overline{1},0]$ and $[1,1,1]$ magnetic fields, our $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{SR}$ Knight shift measurements show a field-induced leveling off of the magnetic susceptibility at low temperature which is qualitatively consistent with corresponding calculations using the numerical-linked-cluster method in combination with recent estimates for the nearest-neighbor exchange parameters of ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{2}{\mathrm{Zr}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.009 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.430 | 0.015 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".