Avulsion Fracture of the Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: A Report of Two Cases
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Avulsion fracture of the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) bony insertion at fifth metacarpal base is a rare injury that may preclude recognition on radiographs. Case Description We report two cases of ECU avulsion fracture, both of which were successfully treated surgically by open reduction and fixation (ORIF). Literature Review Only two cases of ECU avulsion fracture have previously been reported in the literature. Forced motion of the wrist into a position of hyperflexion and/or radial deviation appears to be a common mechanism. Clinical Relevance Clinicians should be aware that ECU avulsion fractures can occur in isolation or in association with other fractures of the hand or wrist. ORIF is warranted due to the prospect of impaired wrist range of motion as well as persistent pain caused by the avulsed fragment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".