The enhancement of bioactive phytochemicals in agarwood leaves by post-harvest application using yeast extract elicitors and evaluation of their bioactivities
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Agarwood (Aquilaria crassna) leaves are commonly used as an herbal tea for health supplements.The present study aims to develop the post-harvest process of agarwood leaves using yeast extract (YE) as an elicitor and evaluate its anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects.The results showed that 1% of YE elicitation for 120 min significantly increased genkwanin 5-O-β-primevoside (1.8-fold), mangiferin (1.3-fold), and total benzophenones (1.2fold) contents over the control group.The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity increased in maximal at 30 min after YE treatment.The agarwood leaf elicitation with 1% YE for 120 min showed a higher anti-inflammation effect by downregulation of iNOS, IL-6, and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and an anti-diabetic effect by enhanced AMPK-α1, AMPK-α2, and GLUT4 in L6 cells over the non-treatment.Our results suggest that YE could be a biotic elicitor to enhance the phytochemical contents and increase the benefit of agarwood leaves as a health supplement.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it