Cryogenic carbon capture using efficacious exchange of waste heat energy from flue gas with waste cold energy from LNG
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Natural Gas (NG) is chilled to −160 degrees Celsius below its boiling point to generate Liquified Natural Gas (LNG), a liquid suitable for transport or storage. The LNG may then be regasified and delivered via distribution pipelines to different end-users or power generation units. Due to the very low temperature at which it is stored, LNG has a significant amount of exergy, which is released during the regasification process (LNG cold energy). Heat from ocean water and additional gas burners are being used for the regasification of LNG to NG especially in Singapore. This practice of dumping available cold energy causes an aquatic microclimate that has detrimental environmental consequences on marine life and is a negative consequence of LNG facilities. Conversely, excessive CO2emissions from flue gas have a substantial impact on the environment and human life. In recent years, there has been a progradation of the necessity to restrict CO2emissions in order to protect the environment. Due to its high CO2recovery rates and high purity, cryogenic carbon capture (CCC) may emerge as a viable alternative to other CO2separation techniques. Producing the cryogenic cold energy required for carbon capture has a downside. The objective of this study is to efficiently use or exchange both waste cold energy from LNG and waste heat energy from flue gas. The cryogenic cold energy from LNG may be utilized to extract CO2from flue gas by liquifying it, while the heat energy from flue gas can be used to regasify LNG. In this simulation, CFD simulations of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger was conducted, taking the phase change of flue gas to liquid flue gas and LNG to NG into consideration. To protect environment, it is conceivable to eliminate the utilization of ocean water and extract CO2from flue gas. This will contribute significantly to achieving Net Zero Carbon Emissions by 2050. Since it is hard to perform real-time experiments in this project because LNG regasification and flue gas capture need diverse industry collaborations and funds, the proof of concept is shown via the use of virtual CFD modeling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".