Relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and mental wellness: a cross-cultural examination
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The majority of research on mental wellness has been focused on Western societies, while little is known about cross-cultural differences of mental wellness and factors associating with mental wellness. The present cross-cultural research examined the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and mental wellness among groups recruited from the United States (US), Mexico, and China. A total of 1,198 participants (359 from the US, 432 from Mexico, 407 from China; 55.50% female, 44.50% male) completed the survey study. The moderation effect of country of membership in the relationship between IU-depressive symptoms/life satisfaction was investigated through PROCESS Model 1. Our results revealed that country of membership did not moderate the relationship between IU and depressive symptoms, indicating that the IU-depressive symptom link is culturally invariant. On the other hand, country of membership statistically significantly moderated the relationship between IU and life satisfaction (p < .001, R2 = .10). Specifically, greater IU was inversely associated with life satisfaction amongst US and Mexican individuals, but not for Chinese individuals. Findings suggest cross-cultural variations in the relationship between IU and life satisfaction. Implications, limitations, and future directions were offered.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".