Relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and mental wellness: a cross-cultural examination
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The majority of research on mental wellness has been focused on Western societies, while little is known about cross-cultural differences of mental wellness and factors associating with mental wellness. The present cross-cultural research examined the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and mental wellness among groups recruited from the United States (US), Mexico, and China. A total of 1,198 participants (359 from the US, 432 from Mexico, 407 from China; 55.50% female, 44.50% male) completed the survey study. The moderation effect of country of membership in the relationship between IU-depressive symptoms/life satisfaction was investigated through PROCESS Model 1. Our results revealed that country of membership did not moderate the relationship between IU and depressive symptoms, indicating that the IU-depressive symptom link is culturally invariant. On the other hand, country of membership statistically significantly moderated the relationship between IU and life satisfaction (p < .001, R2 = .10). Specifically, greater IU was inversely associated with life satisfaction amongst US and Mexican individuals, but not for Chinese individuals. Findings suggest cross-cultural variations in the relationship between IU and life satisfaction. Implications, limitations, and future directions were offered.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".