Heavy metals contamination in water, sediment, and fish in Situ Gunung Putri, Bogor, Indonesia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Situ Gunung Putri is one of the urban lakes in Bogor Regency, Indonesia, which has been affected by population growth and industrialization, making these waters vulnerable to heavy metals contamination. This study aimed to determine the distribution and concentration of heavy metals in Situ Gunung Putri in the water, sediment, and fish. Heavy metals were analyzed using the acid destruction method referring to APHA Standard Methods, while data analysis consisted of descriptive analysis and Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF). Heavy metals concentration in surface water still meets the tolerable value of national quality standards, except for Pb. Meanwhile, heavy metals concentration in sediments has exceeded the Threshold Effect Level (TEL) and Probability Effect Level (PEL) of Canadian Freshwater Sediment Guidelines, and the highest concentrations for all metals found at station 1, located near the inlet from the industries. Metals analysis in fish flesh showed that they exceeded the permitted threshold, except for Cu. Several types of heavy metals show a negative correlation between fish body length and heavy metal concentrations. The BAF value in fish flesh shows results of >1000 for Cu and Zn metals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".