Unveiling the genomic blueprint of salt stress: insights from <i>Ipomoea pes-caprae</i> L.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Adverse environmental conditions often present challenges for organisms; however, they can also serve as selective pressures that propel adaptive evolution. In this study, we present the first chromosome-scale genome of Ipomoea pes-caprae L (IPC), an exceptionally salt-tolerant plant species of considerable significance due to its medicinal, ecological, and biological attributes. The haplotype IPC genome comprises 15 chromosomes spanning 1.05 GB and includes 34,077 protein-coding genes, exhibiting an impressive completeness of 97.4%. Comparative genomic analysis with non-salt-tolerant Ipomoea species has highlighted the prevalence of highly duplicated sequences and genes within the IPC genome. Analysis of gene ortholog expansion, when compared those Ipomoea species, reveals that expanded TRD (transposed duplication) and DSD (dispersed duplication) genes are predominantly associated with functions related to salt tolerance. Furthermore, our findings suggest strong correlations between DSD and TRD gene duplication and transposable element (TE) events, implying that TE-induced expansion of repeat genes is a driving force behind gene diversification. Moreover, a time-course RNA-seq analysis unveils the salt response of IPC roots and leaves, showing the involvement of several key salt-tolerance genes exhibiting copy number expansion. These include genes responsible for ion uptake, transportation, and sequestration into vacuoles, as well as genes responsible for the maintenance of DNA and chromosome stability. Given the significant induction of TE events by salt stress in plant genomes, we propose a putative mechanism for the rapid evolution of salt tolerance in IPC. Additionally, this study delves into the metabolic pathway and regulatory mechanisms of Caffeoylquinic acids (CQA), a medicinal component found in IPC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".