Environmental enrichment and physical exercise prevent stress-induced behavioral and blood-brain barrier alterations <i>via</i> Fgf2
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Chronic stress can promote loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity leading to passage of circulating inflammatory mediators in mood-regulating brain areas and establishment of depressive behaviors. Conversely, neurovascular adaptations favoring resilience to stress exposure remain undetermined. Here, we report that environmental enrichment dampens stress-induced loss of endothelial tight junction protein Claudin-5 (Cldn5) along with anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice via an increase in fibroblast growth factor 2 (Fgf2). Treatment of mouse and human endothelial cells with Fgf2 preceding an immune challenge with the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα, elevated after chronic stress and in depression, reduces BBB dysfunction, and altered cell signaling. Coping with voluntary physical exercise also protects the BBB from stress deleterious effects by increasing Fgf2 preventing Cldn5 loss, exacerbated inflammation, and social avoidance. Circulating FGF2 level is linked with depression severity and symptomatology in humans supporting involvement of this growth factor in mood disorders and stress-induced BBB changes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".