Prevalence and awareness of vasovagal syncope in a large cohort study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Despite the important nature of vasovagal syncope, the true prevalence of this disorder is not fully determined. Based on the limited data available in the literature, among young medical students less than 21 years, the prevalence of vasovagal syncope has been estimated to be 39%, increasing to 50% in life time for all subjects. There are no robust studies with adequately powered sample size to assess the prevalence of this disorder in the general population. Purpose In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of vasovagal syncope in a large general population by conducting a cross-sectional survey. Methods A systematic sampling method was used to enroll a representative sample of adults from all metropolitan areas. A total of 4,215 households including 9,170 adults over 35 years were invited for interviews and 8,296 individuals (90.5%) participated in the study. The participants were interviewed using comprehensive questionnaire, detailed history, 12 leads electrocardiogram and physical examination. Participants with a history of transient loss of consciousness were asked to complete detailed assessments based on the Calgary Syncope Symptom Score. Results Of the 8,296 subjects, 447 (5.4%) reported transient loss of consciousness and 406 (4.9%) had a score greater than -2 on the Calgary Syncope Symptom Score in favor of vasovagal syncope. The overall prevalence of vasovagal syncope was 4.9% (73.7% were female). The percentage was 2.9 and 6.5 in men and women respectively. Although 53% of the patients had 2 or more syncopal attacks in their lifetime and 23% of all attacks were traumatic, only 26 percent of patients were aware of the diagnosis and consulted a physician. The age distribution of vasovagal syncope in women after 25 years follows a decreasing pattern. In men, the prevalence of syncope increases until the age of 50 and decreases thereafter (Figure). There were no differences between patients with vasovagal syncope and other participants in terms of ECG findings and cardiovascular risk factors (Table). Conclusions Vasovagal syncope has a notable prevalence in the general population and women are mostly affected. Recurrences (even traumatic ones) happen but only a few of patients know their diagnosis and basic treatments such as life style modifications. This is the first study to report the prevalence of vasovagal syncope in the general population and population-based educational programs are strongly recommended given the high recurrence rate, risk of trauma and decreased quality of life.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".