Bibliographic record
Abstract
BRINGING together insights from socio-legal studies, histories of Christianity, secularism studies, and political economy, this roundtable explores recent approaches to religion in colonial India. Highlighting three areas of research in the history of colonial India, these sites of engagement include the political economy of the Swaminarayan community, Christianity’s impacts on Dalits, particularly in Bengal, and law and secularism in the Panjab. Rather than focus on only one linguistic-regional formation within India, this roundtable aims to explore the most current discussions in religion and history across various sites of dynamism at multiple points in time and space within the broader colonial South Asian context.1 These sites show a broader transformation at play in the space of religion in colonial India than mere reaction to colonial rule and are relevant to understanding contexts where imperialism, modernity, and mimesis appear as central concerns for the study of religion. Moving beyond considerations of religion only via discourses of colonial power (Asad 1993, 2003), this roundtable focuses on how religion in colonial India—for a variety of historical actors—drew on a range of inspirations, sources, and political energies. It is therefore a focus on those sites of social and spiritual acts that mark historical departures for modern political life, such as the formation of collective life and self-formation within emergent colonial state forms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.614 | 0.401 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".